Thursday, July 28, 2011

RMAN backup types and Usage

Hi,
Here I'm descrbing RMAN backups Types,Commands and Usage in Brief in Oracle 11g Database.Hope it will help one and all.


RMAN BACKUPS:
----------------


1)RMAN HOT BACKUP =>database up & running
2)RMAN COLD BACKUP =>database is not up(shutdown =>mount(now take backup).


1)RMAN HOT BACKUP: OPEN STATE (ARCHIVE_LOG MODE)
2)RMAN COLD BACKUP:MOUNT STATE (NO ARCHIVE LOG MODE)


INCREMENTAL BACKUP:
1)DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP =>BY DEFAULT INCREMENTAL BACKUP IS DIFFERENTIAL.
=>BACKUP FROM SAME OR LOWER LEVEL.
=>LEVEL 0,LEVEL 1,LEVEL 2.....
2)CUMMULATIVE BACKUP =>BACKUP FROM LEVEL 0(LOWEST LEVEL)
=>LEVEL 0,LEVEL 1,LEVEL 2.....

WHERE:
LEVEL 0=FULL BACKUP
LEVEL 1=CHANGE DATA FROM LEVEL 0
LEVEL 2=CHANGE DATA FROM LEVEL 1...


BACKUP STRATERGY:
--------------------

SUNDAY =LEVEL 0 =>INCREMENTAL (DIFFERENTIAL)=>BACKUP LEVEL 0(LOWEST LEVEL)
MONDAY =LEVEL 1 =>INCREMENTAL
TUESDAY=LEVEL 2 =>INCREMENTAL
WED =LEVEL 0 =>INCREMENTAL (CUMMULATIVE) =>BACKUP LEVEL 0(LOWEST LEVEL)
THUR =LEVEL 1 =>INCREMENTAL
FRI =LEVEL 2 =>INCREMENTAL
SAT= =LEVEL 1 =>CUMMULATIVE =>BACKUP LEVEL 1(CHANGE DATA FROM LEVEL 0)


TIMESTAMP SYMBOLS:
-------------------


%U=UNIQUE BACKUPSET NAME
%T= TIMESTAMP OF TIME OF BACKUPSET

RMAN COMMANDS:
----------------


INCREMENTAL BACKUP:
---------------------


1)DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP
2)CUMULATIVE BACKUP


1)DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP:
-- INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0
run{
Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
Backup incremental level=0 database tag='complete_backup';
Release channel ch1;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
}

-- INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1
run{
Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
Backup incremental level=1 database tag='complete_backup';
Release channel ch1;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
}

-- INCREMENTAL LEVEL 2
run{
Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
Backup incremental level=2 database tag='complete_backup';
Release channel ch1;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
}

2)CUMULATIVE BACKUP:
----------------------


-- CUMMULATIVE BACKUP
RMAN> run{
2> Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
3> Backup incremental level=0 CUMULATIVE database tag='complete_backup';
4> Release channel ch1;
5> allocate channel c1 type disk;
6> copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
7> Release channel c1;
8> }

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=73 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1HMI7EPO_1_1 tag=COMPLETE_BACKUP comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
input datafile file number=00002 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
input datafile file number=00003 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
input datafile file number=00005 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1IMI7EPP_1_1 tag=COMPLETE_BACKUP comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel ch1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1JMI7ES5_1_1 tag=COMPLETE_BACKUP comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-JUL-11

released channel: ch1

-- CUMULATIVE BACKUP LEVEL LOWEST(0)
run{
Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0 CUMULATIVE DATABASE FILESPERSET 4 tag='cumulative';
tag='complete_cummulative_backup';
Release channel ch1;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
}


-- CUMULATIVE BACKUP LEVEL LOWEST(1)
run{
Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE tag='cumulative_LEVEL1';
Release channel ch1;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
}

RMAN> run{
2> Allocate channel ch1 type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_data_BACKUP2_%T_%U';
3> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE tag='cumulative_LEVEL1';
4> Release channel ch1;
5> allocate channel c1 type disk;
6> copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_ctrl_BACKUP2_%U_%T';
7> Release channel c1;
8> }

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=73 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1NMI7F9M_1_1 tag=CUMULATIVE_LEVEL1 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25
channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
input datafile file number=00002 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
input datafile file number=00003 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
input datafile file number=00005 name=D:\APP\RAFIALVI\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1OMI7FCC_1_1 tag=CUMULATIVE_LEVEL1 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ch1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 24-JUL-11
piece handle=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_DATA_BACKUP2_20110724_1PMI7FDF_1_1 tag=CUMULATIVE_LEVEL1 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-JUL-11

released channel: ch1

allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=73 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 24-JUL-11
channel c1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=D:\RMAN_BACKUP\ORCL_CTRL_BACKUP2_CF_D-ORCL_ID-1280115002_1QMI7FDK_20110724 tag=TAG20110724T055044 R
D=31 STAMP=757317045
channel c1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-JUL-11

released channel: c1


ARCHIVE LOG DELETION POLICY FOR A DATABASE:
----------------------------------------------


run {
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
delete archivelog until time 'sysdate -5';
}

I do backups from the primary database to a local drive and have been puzzled
how to delete the standby archive logs after they ship.
The ‘obvious’ solution is the documented feature in RMAN:

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO APPLIED ON STANDBY;


COMPRESSION LEVEL ORACLE 11g:
----------------------------------


basic =DEFAULT
none =Not recomended
medium = license
high =license


Drawbacks:
------------


medium =>consume hight system resource
high =>consume high system resource

II)RMAN COLD BACKUP:
----------------------


=>NOARCHIVE LOG MODE
=>MOUNT STATE
=> DEVELOPMENT => MUCH DISK SPACE IS NOT THERE
=>DOWNTIME TOLERABLE..


run_orcl.txt:
-----------------------------------------------------


*SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE:RMAN USES FOR BACKUP OF CONTROL FILE.

Configure setting in RMAN :
----------------------------
We can use configure command to change any setting in RMAN.I would definetly like to outside my script like below.

$rman target / catalog rman/rman@catdb
RMAN>CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\snapcf_orcl.f';

rman_cold.txt:
--------------


run{
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\orcl_BK_SET1_%U_%T' maxpiecesize 5G;
allocate channel ch2 device type disk format 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\orcl_BK_SET2_%U_%T';
backup database TAG='ORCL_BACKUP_WEEKLY';
allocate channel c1 type disk;
copy current controlfile to 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\TESTDB_ctrl_%U_%T';
Release channel c1;
configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\snapcf_orcl.f';
CROSSCHECK BACKUP;
release channel ch1;
release channel ch2;
alter database open;
}


rman_orcl.bat:
---------------


-- orcl DB RMAN COLD BACKUP
set ORACLE_SID=orcl
set ORACLE_HOME=D:\app\RafiAlvi\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1
set ORACLE_BASE=D:\app\RafiAlvi\
rman target sys/orcldba @D:\RMAN_BACKUP_SCRIPTS\run_ORCL.txt log=D:\RMAN_BACKUP_SCRIPTS\LOGS\rman_cold_orcl_24july_cum.log

Note: In Unix environment use export for setting the enviromnmet and Write shell script 'rman_orcl.sh',rest all script is almost same and can fit as per our path in Unix environment.

RMAN BACKUP DETAILS Views:
---------------------------------


We can use Dictionary Views for checking the status of rman backups.

1)USE AFTER SCHEDULING RMAN BACKUP:
SELECT START_TIME||' '||END_TIME||' '||STATUS FROM V$RMAN_BACKUP_JOB_DETAILS;

2)USE TO CHECK BYYES PROCESSED IN RMAN BACKUP:
SELECT SID||' '||STATUS||' '||MBYTES_PROCESSED||' '||START_TIME||' '||END_TIME
FROM V$RMAN_STATUS;

3)USE TO CHECK SESSION AND RMAN BACKUP OUTPUT:
SELECT SID||' '||RECID||' '||OUTPUT||' '||SESSION_STAMP
FROM V$RMAN_OUTPUT;

Note:On Unix terminal,It will be very much useful to check the process in order to check the status by using 'ps' command.
$ps -eaf|grep rman

Hope it helps...

Enjoy Oracle learning.

Best regards,

Rafi.

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